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OT: Is Morgellons, Chromobacterium violaceum? |
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 Topic: OT: Is Morgellons, Chromobacterium violaceum?Posted: October 09 2006 at 10:49am |
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Posted: October 09 2006 at 11:26am |
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Talk about not being on the same page.
A case of what is good for Agrabusiness (zapping every pest in sight)
Just may not be what's good for Human kind.
If I read this correctly.... what they are saying is-
Scientists at, the Insect Biological Control Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland,
have (recently?) (they found Chromobacterium violaceum killed people in 1927)
have discovered a strain of purple bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum.
This Chromobacterium violaceum is toxic to major insect pests
including the Southern corn rootworm, the diamondback moth, and
the Colorado potato beetle.
So folks...I guess...if they are using this Chromobacterium violaceum in
their ol pest management tool kit, if it is sprayed around
 ..... Then it isn't going to be a rare cause of severe, often fatal, human disease
anymore is it? It will be a common cause of a rare, severe, often fatal, human
disease.
Don't you wish that the USDA pest control and The CDC could get connected?
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"...to determine whether it exists."
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Excerpt...from the CDC-
Past Issue Vol. 11, No. 9
September 2005 PDF Version | Comments | Email this article
• The Study • Conclusions • Acknowledgments • References • Figure 1 • Figure 2 Dispatch Chromobacterium violaceum in Siblings, Brazil
Isadora Cristina de Siqueira,*† Juarez Dias,‡ Hilda Ruf,‡ Eduardo Antonio G. Ramos,† Elves Anderson Pires Maciel,† Ana Rolim,* Laura Jabur,* Luciana Vasconcelos,* and Célia Silvany* *Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, Salvador, Brazil; †Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil; and ‡Health Secretariat of the State of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil Suggested citation for this article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chromobacterium violaceum,
a saprophyte bacterium found commonly in soil and water in tropical and subtropical climates, is a rare cause of severe, often fatal, human disease.
We report 1 confirmed and 2 suspected cases of C. violaceum septicemia, with 2 fatalities, in siblings after recreational exposure in northeastern Brazil.
Chromobacterium violaceum is an aerobic, gram-negative bacillus usually found as a saprophyte in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions (1).
Despite ubiquitous distribution, human infection with this organism is rare. Since the first human case was described in Malaysia in 1927 (2), <150 human cases have been reported worldwide, mainly in Asia, the United States, Australia, and Africa (3–6). Only 3 cases have been reported in South America, 1 in Argentina (7) and 2 in Brazil (8,9).
Human infection with this organism results in systemic and severe disease with a high fatality rate (1). C. violaceum infection may begin with cellulitis and skin abscesses (10,11), with rapid progression to sepsis and multiple organ abscesses, predominantly in lungs, liver, and spleen (3–5).
All previous case reports were of individual, apparently sporadic infections. We report 1 confirmed and 2 suspected cases of systemic C. violaceum infection in siblings who shared recreational exposure to stagnant water.
The Study
In May 2004, 3 cases of sepsis syndrome in children from the same family were reported to the State Health Secretariat of Bahia in northeastern Brazil.
The 3 patients had contact with soil and stagnant water in a lake in a rural area of Ilheus municipality, during a day of recreational activity. The 3 brothers spent several hours swimming in the lake with other children and adults, including their parents.
Sixty persons were in the group.
Fever, headache, and vomiting developed in patient 1, a previously healthy 14-year-old boy, 2 days after he swam in the lake. He was examined at a local health service; amoxicillin was prescribed and he was sent home. Six days after exposure, he was admitted to a local hospital with fever, dyspnea, and a cervical abscess.
The patient's peripheral leukocyte count was 20,000 cells/μL with 5% bands, 78% neutrophils, 14% lymphocytes, 2% eosinophils, and 1% monocytes. Hemoglobin was 11.0 g/dL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 225 U/L, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 120 U/L. Chest radiograph showed diffuse bilateral consolidation, and an abdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged liver. Empiric antimicrobial treatment with oxacillin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone was initiated. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and died of septic shock 36 hours after admission.
Figure 1
Click to view enlarged image Figure 1. Colonies of Chromobacterium violaceum on a chocolate agar plate.
............................................................. READ ON.....
ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Scientists at the Insect Biological Control Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, have discovered a strain of purple bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum, which is toxic to major insect pests including the Southern corn rootworm, the diamondback moth, and the Colorado potato beetle. Cell-free preparations were found to be lethal to these insects and to cause a weight reduction in gypsy moth larvae.
IMPACT/OUTCOME: This discovery potentially adds another bacterium, and exploitable toxins, to the pest management tool kit. |
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Posted: October 09 2006 at 11:48am |
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Do you think the CDC should call the USDA and ask them to look into this? And ask them to please take Chromobacterium violaceum
out of their pest management tool kit?
Article In Full here....
Letter
An Unusual Bacterium Causing a Brain AbscessExcerpt- A 24-year-old male farmer came to us with progressive headache, dizziness, and a low-grade fever of 2 weeks' duration. He had had a pimple on his right cheek approximately 3 weeks before, which had discharged "bluish" pus on forcible evacuation and subsequently healed without treatment. No focal neurologic signs were detected on physical examination. Because an intracranial space-occupying lesion was suspected, a lumbar puncture was withheld. Later, a CAT scan of the patient's head revealed a right-sided temporoparietal space-occupying lesion approximately 3 cm in diameter, suggestive of a unilocular brain abscess.
The abscess was needle aspirated under stereotaxic guidance, and the pus was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. After 24 hours of aerobic incubation on MacConkey agar at 37°C, a pure growth of violet-colored colonies appeared, identified as Chromobacterium violaceum by the 20E API system (Biomerieux, France).
Other initial laboratory findings were as follows: blood leukocyte count, 16,200 cells/µL (84% neutrophlils, 15% lymphocytes, 1% eosinophils); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren method), 22 mm/hour; C-reactive protein concentration, 96 mg/L; and fasting blood sugar concentration, 5.1 mmol/L. Blood urea and C-reactive protein concentrations after 3 weeks of antibiotic treatment were 4.6 mmol/L and <6 mg/L, respectively. The organism was sensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin and resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, by the Stokes comparative disk-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing method (3). Ciprofloxacin (as lactate) was administered intravenously, 400 mg twice daily, for 4 weeks. Repeated CAT scans, clinical symptoms, and serial C-reactive protein levels indicated rapid regression of the abscess followed by complete cure. C. violaceum is a gram-negative bacillus present in soil and aquatic environments of tropical and subtropical countries or regions such as Trinidad, Guyana, India, Malaysia, Florida, and South Carolina. It is a bacterium of low virulence,(?) occasionally causing skin infections and disseminated disease involving multiple organs in immunocompromised patients. In such cases the disease can mimic septicemic melioidosis (4,5).
In this previously healthy patient, infection probably originated from the facial abscess.
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"He had had a pimple on his right cheek approximately 3 weeks before, which had discharged "bluish" pus on forcible evacuation and subsequently healed without treatment."
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Posted: October 09 2006 at 12:13pm |
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In an attempt to find additional naturally occurring P. luminescens strains toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, we recovered bacteria which produced a purple pigment.
These bacteria, identified as Chromobacterium violaceum, were also toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae within three days. The LC50 for second instar larvae for these bacteria was 2.0 +/- 0.79 x 10**8 cells per diet pellet. The LC50 for C. violaceum was approximately a log lower for third instar larvae. P. luminescens appeared to kill, by means of a protein toxin, which may be similar to the described lepidopteran protein toxins.
The toxin or toxins which C. violaceum produces, while not fully characterized, do not appear to be proteins. In both cases these toxins are made after exponential growth ceases.
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If only they researched it...
Nature Biotechnology: production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a family of biodegradable plastics and elastomers, in bacteria and plants. Yves Poirier, Christiane Nawra.
Chromobacterium violaceum
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Because polymer chains are so long, these interchain forces are amplified
far beyond the attractions between conventional molecules. Also, longer
chains are more amorphous (randomly oriented). Polymers can be
visualised as tangled spaghetti chains - pulling any one spaghetti strand
out is a lot harder the more tangled the chains are.
It is established already that C. violaceum has the capacity for the
synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers (18, 19), which have physical
properties similar to propylene, making them an important
renewable source of biodegradable plastic.
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Posted: October 09 2006 at 12:20pm |
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Chromobacterium violaceum ...............................................................
We report a unique case of C. violaceum sepsis in an infant. A 4-month-old girl presented to our institution with fever, pustular skin lesions, and distended abdomen, as well as diminished activity and mental status. Radiological investigation revealed brain, lung, and hepatic abscesses. The infant was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. |
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Posted: October 09 2006 at 12:26pm |
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Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) approximately 500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) widespread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism.
The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection.
There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications.
PMID: 14500782 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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Posted: October 09 2006 at 1:19pm |
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Another Possible Vector....?
STUDIES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN TICKS: ...................................................................................................................................................
Although the infectivity of C. violaceum is low, there have been reports of human infections resulting in septicemia and skin, pulmonary, and liver abscesses in Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia, the United States, Australia, and Senegal, among other places (2, 4, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20).
In the majority of patients with C. violaceum infection, the skin is the port of entry for organisms found in contaminated soil and water.
It is even possible to be infected via the oral route (14). C. violaceum can be an opportunistic pathogen and may cause diseases in immunocompromised individuals. The case fatality rate may be as high as 57%, according to a report from the United States.
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