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Posted: April 25 2009 at 12:37pm |
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CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases
page posted April 6, 2006
Research Novel Swine Influenza Virus Subtype H3N1, United StatesPorntippa Lekcharoensuk,*1 Kelly M. Lager,* Ramesh Vemulapalli,† Mary Woodruff,† Amy L. Vincent,* and Jürgen A. Richt* We report the emergence and characterization of a novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) in the United States.
Phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3N1 SIVs may have acquired the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently circulating SIVs.
The H3N1 SIVs were antigenically related to the turkey virus. Lung lesions and nasal shedding occurred in swine infected with the H3N1 SIVs, suggesting the potential to transmit among swine and to humans. Further surveillance will help determine whether this novel subtype will continue to circulate in swine populations.
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2006, American Society for Microbiology
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of New Reassortant H3N1 Swine Influenza Virus from Pigs in the Midwestern United States
Influenza viruses currently circulating in North American swine are
subtypes H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 (11).
The classical H1N1 viruses have been circulating in the swine population since the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 (1). The first SIV, A/SW/IA/15/30, was isolated in 1930 and is antigenically similar to the 1918 human influenza virus (12).
From 1930 to 1998, classic H1N1 viruses were the predominantly isolated subtype from US swine. In 1998, a new SIV subtype H3N2 emerged and became established in the North American swine population (13,14). Genetic analysis showed that it was a triple reassortant virus containing genes from swine, human, and avian influenza viruses. The H3N2 SIV acquired the polymerase basic (PB) protein 1, HA, and neuraminidase (NA) genes from a recent human virus,
the PB2 and polymerase acidic (PA) protein genes from avian viruses, and the nucleocapsid protein (NP), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes from the classic H1N1 swine virus (13–16). A year later, reassortment between the H3N2 and classic H1N1 SIV resulted in a new subtype H1N2,
where the HA of the H3N2 subtype was replaced by the HA from the classic H1N1 virus (17). This H1N2 subtype caused respiratory disease in swine and continues to circulate in swine populations (18). Recently, wholly avian influenza viruses,
subtypes
H4N6 (5),
H3N3, and
H1N1 (19),
from water fowl were isolated from diseased swine in Canada; however, no evidence shows that these viruses can be successfully maintained in swine populations.
We identified and characterized a new SIV subtype H3N1 that may have arisen from reassortment of an H3N2 turkey isolate, a human H1N1 isolate, and currently circulating swine influenza viruses.
abstract here-
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Seroprevalence of H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Seven European Countries in 2002-2003Published: 06/18/2008 excerpt.Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, UK, unpublished observations; Kuntz-Simon G., Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Ploufragan, France, personal communication).
Either or both subtypes have also been reported in Bulgaria, the former Czechoslovakia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Macedonia, Poland and Sweden.[13]
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