Tracking the next pandemic: Avian Flu Talk |
H3N3-flu |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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Posted: November 28 2023 at 3:55am |
[url]https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2023/11/emerg-microb-inf-emergence-of-novel.html[/url] or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2023/11/emerg-microb-inf-emergence-of-novel.html ; Emerg. Microb & Inf.: Emergence of Novel Reassortant H3N3 Avian Influenza viruses, China 2023DJ, H3N3 is NOT new ! [url]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC516286/[/url] or https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC516286/ ; H3N3 and H1N1 influenza A viruses were isolated from Canadian pigs in 2001 and 2002. These viruses are phylogenetically related to waterfowl viruses and antigenically distinct from reference swine influenza viruses. The isolation of these viruses reemphasizes the potential for interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from waterfowl to pigs in North America. Back to flu diary; While we watch the global spread, and occasional spillover into humans, of HPAI H5Nx viruses with with understandable concern, all of the known influenza pandemics - going back 130 years - have come from H1, H2, or H3 influenza viruses (see ECDC graphic above).
And as we've discussed previously (see Are Influenza Pandemic Viruses Members Of An Exclusive Club?), novel H1, H2, and H3 flu viruses appear to have fewer barriers to overcome in order to jump to humans - and while they may not prove as virulent as H5 & H7 avian subtypes - that puts them at or near the top of our pandemic threats list. Twice in my lifetime (1957 and 1968) avian flu viruses have reassorted with seasonal flu and launched a human pandemic.
DJ, See [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_flu[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_flu for 1968, "Asian Flu" [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%E2%80%931958_influenza_pandemic[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%E2%80%931958_influenza_pandemic Note: The 2009 H1N1 pandemic - although it was a triple-reassortment containing some avian-origin genetic contributions - emerged from swine. While a novel pandemic virus might emerge solely from the wild, the `easier' route would be for an avian or swine virus to reassort with an already `human-adapted' seasonal flu virus, and produce a pandemic inducing hybrid.
Over the past couple of years we've seen a steady parade of scientific reports coming out of China describing new H3 avian viruses (see EID Journal: Evolution of Avian Influenza Virus (H3) with Spillover into Humans, China), which includes H3N8 which has spilled over into humans at least 3 times, and a Novel Reassortant H3N6 Canine Influenza Virus.)
Despite its impressive pedigree, this reassortant H3N3 virus is not yet pathogenic in mice, and still binds preferentially to avian receptor cells. The authors note, however, that it has some concerning traits, describing: Several mutations that would increase polymerase activity and replication ability and increased virulence in mammalian cell lines or mice were identified, including I292V, I504V and A588V in PB2 and K356R in PA. Several mutations that would especially increase pathogenicity in chickens were identified, including K627E in PB2, I127V, I550L and F672L in PA, P64S and l69P in M2 and A42S and F103L in NS1 [12]. There was also a mutation of S31N in M2 which could increase the resistance to amantadine and rimantadine [13]. DJ, So the H3N3 in Canadian pigs from 2001, 2003 has a different background ? |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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DJ, Detection in China may NOT mean it started in China or is only a Chinese risk ! It is VERY WELCOME !!!! China is investigating and reporting on this -so far chicken-flu- H3N3 ! |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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Human links H10N3 and H3N8 flu types [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H10N3[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H10N3 ; Influenza A virus subtype H10N3 is a subtype of viruses that causes influenza (flu). It is mostly present in wild avian species. The first human case was reported in 2021. In animals[edit]Only around 160 cases of the virus have been reported in the 40 years before 2018, mostly in various waterfowl or wild birds.[1] Existing studies show that H10 influenza viruses are present in a wide range of domestic and wild avian species, as well as in mammals, showing potential for adaptation.[2] H10N3 has been isolated across a wide geographic distribution, including in species such as domestic poultry (chickens),[2] ducks,[3][4] other waterfowl, and terrestrial birds.[5] In animals, the viruses display a complex pathology, with complex reassortments and mutations contributing to pathobiology patterns in chickens, ducks and mice indicative of a possible threat to humans,[6] although H10N3 is usually a less severe strain and is unlikely to cause a significant outbreak.[1] In humans[edit]The first human case of H10N3 was reported in Zhenjiang, in China's eastern province of Jiangsu.[1][7] This index case was a patient admitted to the hospital with a fever and worsening respiratory symptoms on April 28, 2021, with a diagnosis of H10N3 confirmed in May 2021. None of the individual's close contacts developed any symptoms or signs of infection. The virus identified from this individual contains an HA cleavage site that is consistent with a "low pathogenicity avian influenza" (LPAI), and is also a reassortant strain, combining the HA and NA genes from H10N3 with internal genes from H9N2 viruses.[7] According to China's National Health Commission (NHC), human cases of H10N3 have not been reported elsewhere in China.[8] There are no indications that the virus is easily transmissible among humans, with no confirmed cases of human-to-human transmission.[1][9] Other types of avian-origin H10 influenza have been reported in human beings, including in Egypt, Australia and China, highlighting a potential public health hazard, although none of the strains so far detected have shown signs of human transmission.[2][7] and [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N8[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N8 ; H3N8 is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus that is endemic in birds, horses and dogs. It is the main cause of equine influenza and is also known as equine influenza virus. In 2011, it was reported to have been found in seals.[1] Cats have been experimentally infected with the virus, leading to clinical signs, shedding of the virus and infection of other cats.[2] In 2022 and 2023, three people in China were infected with H3N8,[3] with one fatality, marking the first time a human has died from this strain of flu.[4] DJ, since both the "basics" have (also) links to humans H3N3 could develop into a "more risky" variant. People are tired of CoViD and H3N3 symptoms may look a lot like both CoViD and other flu types...However later on it could show more risks. Flu Diary; LPAI (Low pathogenic Avian Influenza) viruses have an advantage, in that they can more easily spread unnoticed in both commercial and backyard poultry, providing them with more opportunities to interact with humans and the influenza viruses we carry.
Whether H3N3 has the `right stuff' to pose a threat to humans is unknown at this time. But it is another example of the rapid evolution of avian viruses in China, and a reminder of why we need to be prepared to meet whatever new challenges nature throws at us. No doubt we may hear more on H3N3 |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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[url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/welcome-to-the-scientific-library/surveillance-and-epidemic-control/817237-complete-genome-sequence-of-a-novel-reassortant-h3n3-avian-influenza-virus[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/welcome-to-the-scientific-library/surveillance-and-epidemic-control/817237-complete-genome-sequence-of-a-novel-reassortant-h3n3-avian-influenza-virus Arch Virol. 2019 Aug 27. doi: 10.1007/s00705-019-04386-8. [Epub ahead of print] Complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza virus. - Abstract DJ, H3N8 and H10N3 just like the latest finding in China |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
~Albert Einstein |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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may 30 2015 Sri Lanka Human H3N3 case ? [url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/asia/seasonal-flu-2009-2014-including-h1n1-pandemic-2009-ab/sri-lanka/731449-sri-lanka-influenza-2015-75-deaths#post732188[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/asia/seasonal-flu-2009-2014-including-h1n1-pandemic-2009-ab/sri-lanka/731449-sri-lanka-influenza-2015-75-deaths#post732188 ; Sentinel site surveillance of influenza DJ...maybe more H3N3 human cases ???? [url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/search?r=62780504&p=2[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/search?r=62780504&p=2 (Mexico) Re: Queretaro registers 30 deaths from influenza Queretaro reported 32 deaths from influenza in the year The holder of the Secretary of Health, the state, Mario Cesar Garcia Feregrino reported that it has increased to 32 the number of deaths in the entity because of the influenza, of which 24 are of a(H1N1). Interviewed after the Seguro Popular in Queretaro received the ISO-9001, the state official i think that this is not a question of an alarming figure, since the vaccination campaign has met all their objectives. He said that of the 32 reported cases, 24 are of a(H1N1), two more by A(H3N3) and the rest has not been criminalized, while there are 211 positive cases in the state health services. The cases of patients with influenza A virus Iran to the low to the extent that it increases the environmental temperature and, therefore, they will be less cases of deaths. Seals...[url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/search?q=h3n3&searchJSON=%7B%22keywords%22%3A%22h3n3%22%7D[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/search?q=h3n3&searchJSON=%7B%22keywords%22%3A%22h3n3%22%7D Re: Denmark and Germany: Seal Deaths Caused by Bird Flu? - H10N7 detected A GenBank search shows past seal influenza infections from: H1N1, H3N3, H3N8, H4N5, H4N6, and H7N7. Given this newest infections, seals carry a somewhat diverse set of influenza strains. I wonder which animals, except wild birds, carry the most configurations? DJ...the more species can carry a virus the more variants may show up... |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
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roni3470
Adviser Group Joined: August 30 2006 Location: Colorado Status: Offline Points: 5390 |
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Dutch, can you summarize what is going on/what you think is going on instead of just all these articles? |
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NOW is the Season to Know
that Everything you Do is Sacred |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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Roni, I get your question ! Via the articles I am trying to figure out if H3N3 in chicken in China (and likely other places) is "the next flu pandemic"... The H3N3 detected is made up of two human components; H3N8 and H10N3 -both so far limited risks. H3N3 in itself is not new, found in several species. However maybe H3N3 made up from human flu virus may be new... Again...I am just trying to make my mind up... The large scale disease outbreak in children in China (etc) is NOT related to H3N3... Does that answer your point ? I may find more stories-H1,H2,H3 flu-types are high risk for humans...However earlier detection of H3N3 remained limited. So I may post more parts from articles just to get a view... |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
~Albert Einstein |
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roni3470
Adviser Group Joined: August 30 2006 Location: Colorado Status: Offline Points: 5390 |
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Yes, it does and thank you! I am trying to make all those same determinations! I do love your articles but I also just like it when you give your opinion and/or summaries so when I am in a rush I can see what the topics are all about! Thank you! |
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NOW is the Season to Know
that Everything you Do is Sacred |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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Just a reminder-I am not an expert...just (also) trying to make my mind up... Thanks for the welcome comment...H3N3 may develop to become a major problem...or not... The major risk may be less immunity and co-infections... Stay safe & sane ! [url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/china-other-health-threats/china-pneumonia-respiratory-and-influenza-like-illnesses-ili/982359-china-pediatric-hospitals-full-with-seasonal-flu-mycoplasma-pneumonia-patients-guangzhou-guangdong-province-november-27-2023[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/china-other-health-threats/china-pneumonia-respiratory-and-influenza-like-illnesses-ili/982359-china-pediatric-hospitals-full-with-seasonal-flu-mycoplasma-pneumonia-patients-guangzhou-guangdong-province-november-27-2023 In the clinic of Wu Zhu, head of the pediatric outpatient and emergency department of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the number of patients is also running at a high level. According to his recent observations, the number of children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae has declined, while influenza is on the rise, with influenza B being the dominant category. So B-flu...in [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong ; Guangdong (UK: /ɡwæŋˈdʊŋ/, US: /ɡwɑːŋ-/),[6] formerly romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province located in South China, on the north shore of the South China Sea.[7] The provincial capital is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.84 million (as of 2021)[4] across a total area of about 179,800 km2 (69,400 sq mi),[1] Guangdong is the most populous province of China and the 15th-largest by area as well as the second-most populous country subdivision in the world. Mega-cities, high rise buildings may be part of the problem.. |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
~Albert Einstein |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95977 |
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[url]https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2023/12/frontiers-microbiology-chinas-growing.html[/url] or https://afludiary.blogspot.com/2023/12/frontiers-microbiology-chinas-growing.html ; The emergence of a novel H3N8 virus last year in China, which has not only spread widely in wild birds and poultry, but has also spilled over into humans (see here, here, and here), has helped to propel H3 viruses back into the limelight.
This is a lengthy review, so I've only posted some excerpts. Follow the link to read it in its entirety. I'll have a brief postscript after the break. -
- 6 Conclusion
While 1968 was the first time that an H3 virus was confirmed to have sparked a human influenza pandemic, we know very little about the viruses that circulated prior to the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus, and some researchers have suggested than H3N8 may have emerged in the 1890s. The limited flow of information out of China makes it difficult to fully access the risks, but it would not be terribly surprising to see H3N8 added to this list at some point. New genotypes can emerge at anytime, so there are a lot of possibilities. While an H5Nx pandemic could easily be more severe, H3 viruses have proven their ability to cause significant morbidity and mortality, and should not be underestimated. DJ, We simply do not know much of most diseases...Lots of disease in humans may be missed-non-human disease often only is "interesting" for economic reasons. So we may be surprised... Flu-types prior to 1900 -even if it was widespread in humans-also are a big question mark. It may have been earlier variants of CoViD (Russian Flu 1890, however there was also a "major" flu in 1880 ? [url]https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/timeline/avian-timeline-1880-1959.htm[/url] or https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/timeline/avian-timeline-1880-1959.htm ) A third factor is circumstances; World War One made the Spanish Flu into a massive killer. CoViD in the present also may see a major "opening"...for H3N3, H3N8 ??? |
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