Human/Swine Flu Recombination - Dr. Niman

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   By Dr. Henry L. Niman, PhD

Recombinomics.com

10-6-5

Polymerase Sequences

Confirm 1918 

Human/Swine Recombination

"It is possible that the high pathogencity of the 1918 virus was related to 

its emergence as a human-adapted avian influenza virus. These changes 

may reflect a process of parallel evolution as avian influenza A viruses 

mutate in response to adaptational pressures, and suggest that the 

genetic basis of avian influenza virus adaptation to humans can be 

mapped."

H5N1 is currently acquiring mammalian polymorphisms, which is why 

several of the mammalian polymorphisms in the 1918 H1N1 pandemic 

strain are found in H5N1 isolates from Vietnam and Thailand.

However, the 1918 pandemic strain was not an avian strain. It was a 

recombinant between a swine virus, like the H1N1 classical swine virus 

from Iowa in 1930, and an H1N1 human virus, like the WSN/33 virus from 

a human in London in 1933. This observation had been made previously, 

based on the published sequences of five of the eight 1918 genes.

The same relationship is seen in the three newly published genes, PB2, 

PB2, and PA. In each case the sequences from H1N1 classical swine and 

H1N1 human isolates in the early 1930's form complimentary 

polymorphisms, much like the 2001 H5N1 co-circulating sequences in 

Hong Kong.

The evolution by recombination is the mechanism of rapid change 

employed by most if not all viruses. H5N1 efficiently evolves via 

recombination, and the latest sequences of the three polymerase genes 

from 1918 show that the same mechanism was used for all eight of the 

1918 genes.

webmaster@recombinomics.com

� 2005 Recombinomics. All rights reserved.

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Edited by Rick

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Guests Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Guest Group	Post Options Post Reply Quote Guests Thanks(0) Quote Reply Topic: Human/Swine Flu Recombination - Dr. Niman Posted: February 08 2006 at 6:19am
	By Dr. Henry L. Niman, PhD Recombinomics.com 10-6-5 Polymerase Sequences Confirm 1918 Human/Swine Recombination "It is possible that the high pathogencity of the 1918 virus was related to its emergence as a human-adapted avian influenza virus. These changes may reflect a process of parallel evolution as avian influenza A viruses mutate in response to adaptational pressures, and suggest that the genetic basis of avian influenza virus adaptation to humans can be mapped." H5N1 is currently acquiring mammalian polymorphisms, which is why several of the mammalian polymorphisms in the 1918 H1N1 pandemic strain are found in H5N1 isolates from Vietnam and Thailand. However, the 1918 pandemic strain was not an avian strain. It was a recombinant between a swine virus, like the H1N1 classical swine virus from Iowa in 1930, and an H1N1 human virus, like the WSN/33 virus from a human in London in 1933. This observation had been made previously, based on the published sequences of five of the eight 1918 genes. The same relationship is seen in the three newly published genes, PB2, PB2, and PA. In each case the sequences from H1N1 classical swine and H1N1 human isolates in the early 1930's form complimentary polymorphisms, much like the 2001 H5N1 co-circulating sequences in Hong Kong. The evolution by recombination is the mechanism of rapid change employed by most if not all viruses. H5N1 efficiently evolves via recombination, and the latest sequences of the three polymerase genes from 1918 show that the same mechanism was used for all eight of the 1918 genes. webmaster@recombinomics.com � 2005 Recombinomics. All rights reserved. http:// www.rense.com/general67/cudrr.htm Edited by Rick

Guests Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Guest Group	Post Options Post Reply Quote Guests Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: February 08 2006 at 6:27am
	"The influenza virus is relatively unique in its ability to change its H and N molecules, called antigenic shift. For example, the swine flu of 1918 was named H1N1, while a later strain of influenza which was found to have changed its hemagglutinin molecules was named H2N1, and an even later influenza was found to have changed both its surface molecules (double antigenic shift), and was named H2N2. Scientists believe that these changes are due to the recombination of influenza viruses from different sources, such as if an influenza from a Swine was mixed with an influenza from a person, which could create an new strain that has swine-type hemagglutinin and human-type neuraminidase." http://www.haverford.edu/biology/edwards/di sease/ viral_essays/warnervirus.htm Edited by Rick

Guests Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Guest Group	Post Options Post Reply Quote Guests Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: February 08 2006 at 7:06am
	Bear in mind that China has been less than candid about their Swine Flu problems. dr_p_doyle@hotmail.com 7-29-5 � "My comment: Swine Flu Strep Suis? No Way! � Strep Suis is endemic in pigs and has been in China, UK, Hong Kong and wherever pigs are raised. Do we see outbreaks like that now occurring in China? Quote: � "Streptococcus suis, an important pathogen of pigs, is endemic in most pig-rearing countries of the world, including the UK. The organism is carried in the tonsils of pigs, and pig-to-pig spread is mainly by nose- to-nose contact or by aerosol over short distances. Human infection with Streptococcus suis is rarely reported and only about 150 cases have been reported from the world literature. Two serotypes have been implicated in human infections; S. suis type 2, an established zoonotic human pathogen and more recently S. suis type 14. Human infection may be severe, with meningitis, septicaemia, endocarditis, and deafness. People in direct contact with pigs or pig products are considered at risk. Asplenic patients are known to be at greater risk from the disease. Human infection is thought to occur mainly via cuts or abrasions when handling infected carcasses."NO." � Do I think that the Chinese are being candid with regard to the pathogen etiologic agent in this spreading illness? ------- Updated: 5:18 p.m. ET July 31, 2005 HONG KONG - Chinese authorities have banned local reporters from visiting areas where an outbreak of a pig-borne disease has killed 34 farmers, ordering newspapers to use dispatches from the state news agency, a Hong Kong newspaper reported Sunday. http:// www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8742214/ http://www.haverford.edu/biology/edwards/disease/viral_essay s/warnervirus.htm

Guests Members Profile Send Private Message Find Members Posts Add to Buddy List Guest Group	Post Options Post Reply Quote Guests Thanks(0) Quote Reply Posted: February 08 2006 at 7:14am
	"She lived and grew up through World War I and the Great Swine Flu epidemic of 1918 as a teenager." http://www.dailypilot.com/opinion/story/36567p-54148c.html ---------- KAMPALA, Jan. 31 (Xinhuanet) -- The African swine fever that broke out in Adjumani district in northwestern Uganda has claimed lives of over 4,000 pigs, local press reported on Tuesday. �Adjumani district veterinary officer Emmanuel Zole was quoted as saying that the disease would continue to kill pigs unless farmers took measures to guard against it. The disease broke out in the district at the beginning of January and about 100 pigs were killed daily. Farmers were urged to keep their pigs indoors to avoid catching the disease after the breakout. Zole blamed farmers for the rapid spread of the disease, saying that they were feasting on the dead pigs instead of reporting such cases to the veterinary department. �He appealed to farmers to bury or burnt all the dead pigs. Enditem http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/31/ content_4122877 .htm