2022 Cholera outbreaks

[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#2020s[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#2020s ;

2020s[edit]

• An ongoing cholera outbreak was reported in several regions of Niger in August 2021. As of August 23, there were 1,770 cases of cholera reported with 68 deaths.^[112]
• Possible 2022 Mariupol cholera outbreak.
• Following the June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake, the United Nations warned of a possible outbreak in the affected areas. In August 2022, over 400 cases were reported, and eight people died.^[113]
• In September 2022, a cholera outbreak believed to be linked to irrigation of crops using contaminated water broke out in several regions in Syria. The United Nations said it presented a "serious threat to people in Syria and the region". Twenty-nine people died and a total of 338 cases were recorded.^[114] In October, 2022 Lebanon recorded two cholera cases in Akkar province, bordering Syria.^[115]
• In October 2022, Haiti experienced a cholera outbreak.^[116]

DJ...[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak ;

An outbreak of cholera began in Yemen in October 2016.^[2][3][4] The outbreak peaked in 2017 with over 2,000 reported deaths in that year alone.^[5][6] As of November 2021, there have been more than 2.5 million cases reported, and more than 4,000 people have died in the Yemen cholera outbreak, which the United Nations deemed the worst humanitarian crisis in the world at that time.^[7][8] However, the outbreak has substantially decreased by 2021, with a successful vaccination program implemented and only 5,676 suspected cases with two deaths reported between January 1 and March 6 of 2021.^[9]

also [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#Epidemiology[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#Epidemiology ;

Cholera affects an estimated 2.8 million people worldwide, and causes approximately 95,000 deaths a year (uncertainty range: 21,000–143,000) as of 2015.^[83][84] This occurs mainly in the developing world.^[85]

In the early 1980s, death rates are believed to have still been higher than three million a year.^[17] It is difficult to calculate exact numbers of cases, as many go unreported due to concerns that an outbreak may have a negative impact on the tourism of a country.^[38] As of 2004, cholera remained both epidemic and endemic in many areas of the world.^[17]

Recent major outbreaks are the 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak and the 2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak. In October 2016, an outbreak of cholera began in war-ravaged Yemen.^[86] WHO called it "the worst cholera outbreak in the world".^[87] In 2019, 93% of the reported 923,037 cholera cases were from Yemen (with 1911 deaths reported).^[88] Between September 2019 and September 2020, a global total of over 450,000 cases and over 900 deaths was reported; however, the accuracy of these numbers suffer from over-reporting from countries that report suspected cases (and not laboratory confirmed cases), as well as under-reporting from countries that do not report official cases (such as Bangladesh, India and Philippines).^[88]

Although much is known about the mechanisms behind the spread of cholera, researchers still do not have a full understanding of what makes cholera outbreaks happen in some places and not others. Lack of treatment of human feces and lack of treatment of drinking water greatly facilitate its spread. Bodies of water have been found to serve as a reservoir of infection, and seafood shipped long distances can spread the disease.

Cholera had disappeared from the Americas for most of the 20th century, but it reappeared toward the end of that century, beginning with a severe outbreak in Peru.^[89] Following the end of the 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak, there have not been any cholera cases in the Americas since February 2019.^[90] As of August 2021 the disease is endemic in Africa and some areas of eastern and western Asia (Bangladesh, India and Yemen).^[90] Cholera is not endemic in Europe; all reported cases had a travel history to endemic areas.^[90]

DJ Healthcare is overstretched. Wars, flooding, refugees do increase risks. Co-infection with other diseases may worsen outcome.