Tracking the next pandemic: Avian Flu Talk |
Blowfly Transmitter of H5N1Influenza A |
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Posted: August 14 2006 at 11:56am |
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Just released from the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene:
"...... Our results suggest it is possible that blowflies could become a mechanical transmitter of H5N1 influenza virus."
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So, making sure that the dead are properly cared for would be critical.
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Blow-flyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Blowfly)
Blow-flies (also frequently spelled blow flies or blowflies) are members of the family Calliphoridae of flies (Diptera). Flies in this family are often metallic in appearance. Some members of this family are known as bluebottles, clusterflies, greenbottles, and (in Britain and Australia) as blue-arsed flies. The name blow-fly comes from an older English term for meat that had eggs laid on it, which was said to be fly blown. Blow-flies are usually the first insect to come in contact with a dead animal. Identifying characteristics for the family Calliphoridaeantennae 3-segmented with an arista; vein Rs 2-branched, frontal suture present, calypters well developed. Body metallic blue, green, or black. Arista plumose for entire length. Two notopleural bristles. Hindmost posthumeral bristle located lateral to presutural bristle. For a pictorial atlas explaining these terms go to [1] The family is divided into subfamilies, the Calliphorinae, and the Chrysomyiinae, which between them contain about 23 genera. [edit]
BiologyBlowflies have caught the interest of researchers in a variety of fields, although the large body of literature on calliphorids has been concentrated on solving the problem of myiasis in livestock. It is estimated that the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina causes the Australian sheep industry over $170 million a year in losses. While much of the biology of these flies has been studied in the laboratory, the natural life history of the blowflies remains a largely untapped body of research. Adult blow-flies are occasional pollinators, being attracted to flowers with a strong odor resembling rotting meat, such as the American pawpaw or Dead Horse Arum. There is little doubt that these flies utilize nectar as a source of carbohydrates to fuel flight, but just how and when this happens is unknown. Larvae of most species are scavengers of carrion and dung and most likely constitute the majority of the maggots found in such material, although it is not uncommon for them to be found in close associate with other dipterous larvae from the families Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, and many other acalyptrate muscoid flies. Most species of blowflies studied thus far are anautogenous; females require a substantial amount of protein to develop mature eggs within her ovaries (about 800 µg per pair of ovaries in Phormia regina). The current theory is that females visit carrion both for protein and egg laying, but this remains to be proven. Blow-fly eggs are approximately 1.5 mm x 0.4 mm, are yellowish or white, and when laid, look like rice balls. While the female blow-fly typically lays 150-200 eggs per batch, she is usually iteroparous, laying around 2,000 eggs during the course of her life. The sex ratio of blowfly eggs is usually 50:50, but one interesting exception is currently documented in the literature. Females from two species of the genus Chrysomyia (C. rufifaces and C. albiceps) are either arrhenogenic (laying only male offspring) or thelygenic (laying only female offspring). Hatching from an egg to the first larval stage takes about 8 hours to one day. Larvae have three stages of development (called instars); each stage is separated by a molting event.The instars are separable by examining the posterior spiracles, or openings to the breathing system [2]. The larvae use proteolytic enzymes in their excreta (as well as mechanical grinding by mouth hooks) to break down proteins on the livestock or corpse they are feeding on. Blowflies are poikilothermic, which is to say that the rate at which they grow and develop is highly dependent on temperature and species. Under room temperature (about 30 degrees celsius) the black blowfly Phormia regina can go from egg to pupa in 150-266 hours (6 to 11 days). When the third stage is complete the pupa will leave the corpse and burrow into the ground, emerging as an adult 7 to 14 days later. Since development is highly predictable if the ambient temperature is known, blow-flies are considered a valuable tool in forensic science. Traditional estimations of time since death (namely rigor mortis and algor mortis) are generally unreliable after 72 hours and often entomologists are the only officials capable of generating an accurate approximate time interval. The specialized discipline related to this practice is known as forensic entomology [3] Blowfly maggots have also been used successfully in the treatment of badly infected wounds: see maggot therapy. [edit]
Other informationThe Primary Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) once a major pest in southern United States, has been eradicated through massive release of sterilized males. See Sterile insect technique. Adults may vector pathogens of diseases such as dysentery. [edit]
DiversityWorldwide, there are 1100 species of blowflies, with 228 species in the Neotropics, but very numerous species in Africa and Southern Europe. |
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Mahshadin
Admin Group Joined: January 26 2006 Location: United States Status: Offline Points: 3882 |
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Wonder if they have tested the flies in Indonesia after some have released information suggesting that the human sequenses are different than the avian sequences
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"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act." G Orwell
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Bill 100
Valued Member Joined: May 21 2006 Location: United States Status: Offline Points: 524 |
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Personal waste too. I would forget out houses.
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A storm is coming !
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http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Avian_Flu_FAQs_II.pdf
Within a country, the disease spreads easily from farm to farm. Large amounts of virus are ............................................................................................. Outbreak of Skin Infection Bairnsdale Ulcer in Point Lonsdale, Australia Victorian health authorities, investigating an outbreak of the skin infection Bairnsdale A 7th case of the rare disease was noted the third week of July 2004. Bairnsdale ulcer causes chronic ulcers to develop on the body, and, may require surgical removal if not detected early. Samples, taken from possible sources of the infection, will include water, plants, mosquitoes, and march flies. The testing is merely exploratory and results will take several weeks. Health officials do not fully understand the cause, therefore it is difficult to design an intervention to prevent any further cases.
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Bill 100
Valued Member Joined: May 21 2006 Location: United States Status: Offline Points: 524 |
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If the blow fly can transmit bird flu, I would have to believe mosquitoes can too, like the west nile virus. I believe the west nile virus came from birds also.
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A storm is coming !
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Jhetta
Valued Member Joined: March 28 2006 Status: Offline Points: 1272 |
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More Info and Background Info Here
Originally posted by JoeNeubarth
If you go back to the Boxun Reports from/about Qinghai Lakes, you will see that they initially noted that fish died from H5N1. Supposedly, the flies and butterflies did, too. Talk about a cross species killer! Originally posted by Jhetta
Joe I decided to do a little digging regarding butterflies documented to have been infected with H5N1...
I could not find a documented sequence for butterflies... and I am not comfortable with leaps... however it is a small leap from flies to butterflies... maybe the original report in Chinese... referenced blow flies and the actuall name was lost in the translation. H5N1 avian influenza A viruses from blow flies
Detection and Isolation of highly pathogenic
H5N1 avian influenza A viruses from blow flies collected in the vicinity of an infected poultry farm in Kyoto, Japan, 2004 LOCUS BAE47132 449 aa linear VRL 28-OCT-2005 DEFINITION neuraminidase [Influenza A virus (A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004(H5N1))]. ACCESSION BAE47132 VERSION BAE47132.1 GI:78210827 DBSOURCE accession AB212650.1 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Influenza A virus (A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004(H5N1)) ORGANISM Influenza A virus (A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004(H5N1)) Viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Orthomyxoviridae; Influenzavirus A. REFERENCE 1 AUTHORS Sawabe,K., Hoshino,K., Isawa,H., Sasaki,T., Hayashi,T., Tsuda,Y., Kurahashi,H., Tanabayashi,K., Hotta,A., Saito,T., Yamada,A. and Kobayashi,M. TITLE Detection and Isolation of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses from blow flies collected in the vicinity of an infected poultry farm in Kyoto, Japan, 2004 JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (residues 1 to 449) AUTHORS Sawabe,K., Hoshino,K., Isawa,H. and Sasaki,T. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (28-APR-2005) Kyoko Sawabe, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology; Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan (E-mail:sawabe@nih.go.jp, Tel:81-3-5285-1111(ex.2423), Fax:81-3-5285-1147) FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..449 /organism="Influenza A virus (A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004(H5N1))" /strain="A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004(H5N1)" /serotype="H5N1" /isolation_source="blow fly" /db_xref="taxon:327048" /segment="6" /country="Japan: Kyoto, Tamba" /note="isolated from blow fly in Kyoto, 2004" Protein 1..449 /product="neuraminidase" Region 82..414 /region_name="Sialidases or neuraminidases function to bind and hydrolyze terminal sialic acid residues from various glycoconjugates as well as playing roles in pathogenesis, bacterial nutrition and cellular interactions" /note="Sialidase" /db_xref="CDD:29333" CDS 1..449 /gene="NA" /coded_by="AB212650.1:21..1370" ORIGIN 1 mnpnqkiiti gsicmvigiv slmlqvgnmi siwvshsiqt gnqrqaepis ntkfltekav 61 tsvtlagnss lcpisgwavh skdnsirigs kgdvfvirep fiscshlecr tffltqgall 121 ndkhsngtvk drsphrtlms cpvgeapspy nsrfesvaws asachdgtsw ltigisgpdn 181 gavavlkyng iitdtikswr nnilrtqese cacvngscft vmtdgpsngq asykifkmek 241 gkvvksveld apnyhyeecs cypdageitc vcrdnwhgsn rpwvsfnqdl eyqigyicsg 301 vfgdnprpnd gtgscgpvsp ngaygvkgfs fkygngvwig rtkstnsrsg femiwdpngw 361 tgtdssfsvk qdivaitdws gysgsfvqhp eltgldcirp cfwvelirgr pkestiwtsg 421 ssisfcgvns dtvgwswpdg aelpftidk http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/v...n&val=78210827 Blowfly - Genus Calliphora
(Redirected from Blowfly) Jump to: navigation, search Blow-flies (also frequently spelled blow flies or blowflies) are members of the family Calliphoridae of flies (Diptera). Flies in this family are often metallic in appearance. Some members of this family are known as bluebottles, clusterflies, greenbottles, and (in Britain and Australia) as blue-arsed flies. The name blow-fly comes from the fact that recently deceased corpses would swell up from bacterial decomposition in the intestinal tract, causing them to become bloated, or "fly-blown". Blow-flies are usually the first insect to come in contact with a dead animal. H5N1 Info regarding fish
http://www.avianflutalk.com/forum_posts.asp?TID=10435&KW=fish&PID=90584#90584 Tibet H5N1 in Wild Birds
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"Preliminary trapping evidence indicates that garbage flies in the
Pennsylvania outbreak were sources of virus on the premises of the diseased flocks."
Is this another type of fly? Or is garbage fly just another name for blow flies? http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/AVI.htm |
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My mental note: Buy fly killer. Gallons of it. And fly papers. And those blue light things that kill them.
Beth
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Jhetta
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As always sanitation is important... cleaning up manure, food and dead animals, etc. immediately will limit fly infestations.
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Dlugose
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I'm all for good sanitation to avoid spread of all diseases. The article that started this is about flies that picked up the virus in an area with sick poultry. That has more to do with the many ways of spreading avian flu when there are sick birds than it has anything to do with the way influenza will likely spread amongst humans when a pandemic starts. Does anyone have access to the full article? The abstract did not reveal much detail. Reports from Indonesia keep showing the locals haven't been taught much about bird flu or sanitation. Of course they are so poor they would never get a hold of good masks anyways.
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Dlugose RN AAS BA BS Cert. Biotechnology. Respiratory nurse
June 2013: public health nurse volunteer, Asia |
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I'm sorry. I haven't been able to find anything more - the "full text" link takes me to the above article.
According to the following, Garbage Flies and our lovely house flies aren't the same beast. Black Garbage Fly – Hydrotea (Ophyra) aenescens
Black garbage flies (also called "dump flies") can be
found in large numbers http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/421/control-of-poultry-pests I also stumbled upon this earlier today...
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Scotty
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As I understand it, everything that moves has the capacity to carry this virus. All flies, all insects, all rodents, birds, pets, car tyres, flying dust particles, seeds and even pollen.
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No hay in East Texas.
Truck loads of hay coming from Arkansas to East Texas.
Hay has been fertilized from chicken pooh from the poultry houses.
East Texas has experienced triple digit temps over thirty days now.
Most hay transported will not be used immediately and will be stored over the 105 days for winter use. Good to hear the AI virus dies after 105 days.
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I think flies carry it in their stomachs and guts, as well as on their feet, from eating things that have died of, say, BF.
They also I believe have the delightful habit of deliberately puking on their food before they eat it/lay eggs on it, to make it more digestible. Its a sort of blowfly recipe for marinade.
Beth
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I'll probably stop reading this particular thread while eating breakfast.
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I have long used lime to reduce the population of insects around the
kennel most especially flies. It is not a poison but purifies (please
research) soil & water rendering the condition so they don't wish
to live there. 50 lbs bought at the local feed store go a long way.
Good luck to all.
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