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Tracking the next pandemic: Avian Flu Talk

Boy Dies of Infection Having Flu-Like Symptoms

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Girl, 16, dies of flu at Santa Rosa unit
 
Don Finley
Express-News Medical Writer

With influenza cases spiking particularly late this flu season, health officials announced Tuesday that a 16-year-old Williamson County girl died in a San Antonio hospital last week after becoming sick with the flu.
 
It was the third Texas pediatric death from flu this season, state health officials said. Two other children, ages 4 and 11, neither from the San Antonio area, also died. All apparently were healthy before contracting the flu. Two were unvaccinated; the other's status was unknown.
 
 
Nationwide, 16 flu deaths in children 17 and younger have been reported since October, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Flu deaths in children are relatively uncommon. On an average year, about 36,000 people nationwide die of flu-related complications. During the 2005-06 season, 41 children died from the flu.

In the latest death, the girl, whose name was not released, was treated first with Tamiflu, an antiviral flu medicine. Her condition worsened quickly and she was taken to Christus Santa Rosa Children's Hospital, which reportedly had the closest available bed of any children's hospital.

"She was totally healthy. There were no underlying health problems, nothing I've determined in the investigation," said Jennifer Jackson, director of nurses with the Williamson County and Cities Health District.

Williamson, located north of Travis County, saw a sudden spike in flu cases two weeks ago, Jackson said.

"It was mild, nothing much happening until about two weeks ago, then it just broke loose. We've gone from 100 or so to about 800 influenzalike illnesses in the past 2½ weeks."

This flu season has been particularly hard on children and young adults. During the week ending Feb. 10, schools in Henderson and Van Zandt counties, east of Dallas, as well as one school in the Dallas area, were closed for a day or two because of high flu absentee rates.

In Bexar County, "schools are reporting absenteeism at a higher rate (the past week or two), although it varies from school to school," said Roger Sanchez, an epidemiologist with the Metropolitan Health District.

Like elsewhere in the state, flu season "was simmering for many months and then in late January and early February it took off," Sanchez said.

Most of the cases have been similar to the A/New Caledonia flu strain contained in this year's vaccine. Health officials are recommending that despite the lateness of the season, doctors continue to vaccinate high-risk groups.

They include children ages 6 to 59 months, pregnant women, those over age 50, those with certain chronic illnesses, those who take care of others at high-risk for complication and health workers.

Flu vaccine still is available from the Metropolitan Health District. Call (210) 207-8750 for more information.

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Georgetown Teen Dies From The Flu

Georgetown, Texas
 
 Kim Miller
Reporting

(CBS 42) GEORGETOWN A 16-year-old girl in Georgetown has died from the flu. Lab results show the Georgetown High School junior had been sick with influenza Type A, according to the Williamson County and Cities Health District.

Because of privacy laws, specific information on this case is not public.

Dr. Ed Sherwood, medical director of the Williamson County and Cities Health District, says the girl's doctors called last week.

“We received a report that a 16-year-old had died," Sherwood said.

According to the Center for Disease Control, 13 children under age 18 have died from the flu this season. That is a small fraction of the 36,000 people of all ages who die each year from the flu in the U.S.

“Pediatric deaths are, thankfully, uncommon. One death is too many,” Sherwood said.

He says flu shots are still a good idea because, even if they can't protect you entirely from these new strains, the vaccine can make your symptoms less severe.

Sherwood says be smart about the flu and stay in good general health by eating right, exercising, and getting enough sleep.

Another practical tip, cough into your elbow, not into your hands.

Doctors say flu shots are most important for the most vulnerable--the very young and old, the chronically ill and pregnant women.

Authorities in Williamson County encourage parents not to panic. This case does not mean it’s more likely that anyone else would have so severe a case of the flu because every body responds differently.

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Feb 11, 2007 8:36 am US/Central

Milwaukee Officials Invesitgate Possible Flu Death

(AP) MILWAUKEE The death of a child is being investigated as possibly caused by influenza, which would make it the first such death in Milwaukee since federal officials began tracking pediatric deaths from flu in 2004-05, officials said.

Flu wasn't suspected as a cause of the death until laboratory tests came back, said Paul Biedrzycki, manager of disease control and prevention with the Milwaukee Health Department, on Friday. The child had died the previous week.

Biedrzycki did not disclose other details but said the child fell into a category not recommended for vaccination by the federal Centers for Disease Control and had not been vaccinated.

Tom Haupt, epidemiologist with the state Division of Public Health, said the death must be confirmed as related to the flu because it could be reported to the CDC.

The child was reportedly younger than six months old and therefore too young for a flu shot.

 
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Latest child flu victim identified

By Josephine Marcotty, Randy Furst and Maura Lerner, Star Tribune

A 44-year-old Minneapolis firefighter and an 8-year-old child appear to be the latest casualties in what is shaping up to be a particularly deadly flu season for Minnesota, health officials said Tuesday.

The child was identified today as 8-year-old Chace VanGuilder, of Esko, who died Monday at St. Mary’s Hospital in Duluth.

Barry DeLude, a 20-year veteran of the Minneapolis Fire Department, died Tuesday morning at Fairview Southdale Hospital in Edina. He may have had an underlying health condition that contributed to his death, officials said.

“We’re very saddened by the death of a child and our hearts go out to the family,” said Terri Allen, public health supervisor for Carlton County, where VanGuilder lived.

She confirmed that Chace had been vaccinated against the flu. But she said that he was a “medically fragile child,” and that the vaccine is known to be less effective in people with underlying health problems.

Since news of the boy’s death, her office has been flooded with calls from parents and others seeking flu shots, she said. The county has scheduled a flu shot clinic for children and adults today from 4-7 pm at Cloquet High School.

The other three children who died had not been vaccinated, said Kris Ehresmann, head of immunizations for the Minnesota Department of Health.

While the vaccine is the best protection available, it is not always enough to prevent serious complications in people with other health problems, she said.

The Minnesota deaths are a sharp reminder that influenza can be a dangerous disease, Ehresmann said.

"Because we've had mild flu seasons, we forget about that," she said. "There is a tendency to complacency."

Nancy Zimpfer, DeLude's sister-in-law, said DeLude developed flu-like symptoms about a week ago, and was hospitalized the night of Feb. 6. She said there were "complications" that the family asked her not to disclose and he got considerably worse in the last 48 hours of his life.

His death stunned the close-knit Fire Department, said Interim Chief Jim Clack.

"[He] was really a valiant member of this department," Clack said at a City Hall news conference, adding that DeLude's death is "a shocking event for us."

Preliminary testing has confirmed that both DeLude and the child had the flu virus, but the medical investigation is still going on, Ehresmann said.

Flu strain was predicted

Ehresmann said that there is nothing unusual about the flu strain that is circulating this year, a variety of influenza A. It was accurately predicted, was well matched by the vaccine, and is usually associated with mild outbreaks.

But this week's deaths, combined with those of three other children -- two 8-year-olds and a toddler -- have heightened concern about this year's outbreak, prompting a surge in last-minute vaccinations around the state.

In recent years Minnesota has been lucky, while other states have reported pockets of deaths among children.

To date, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that fewer than 20 children have died during the current flu season, including the four from Minnesota, Ehresmann said.

State health officials are planning to send vaccines to the area in and around Carlton County, which is south of Duluth, in anticipation of an increased demand in the aftermath of the death of the child there.

On average, about 40 children are among the estimated 36,000 deaths that occur each year from flu. Most of those are elderly people or adults with other health problems.

In Minnesota some 700 to 800 people die each year from flu, pneumonia or a combination of both, but the last time a child died in the state was during the 2004-2005 flu season, Ehresmann said.

Minneapolis is arranging to offer more flu-shot clinics for its employees, Clack said. Flu shots are not mandatory for firefighters or other city employees.

Ehresmann said that plenty of vaccine is still available in the state, and more can be provided from manufacturers or other states if supplies run low.

Firefighting roots

The father of two teenage children, DeLude was a fire-truck operator based in Station No. 17 in south Minneapolis, the same neighborhood where he grew up, Clack said.

DeLude joined the Fire Department 20 years ago, and was promoted to fire motor operator in 1993, responsible for driving the fire truck and in charge of attaching fire hoses to the hydrant and pumping water, according to Kristi Rollwagen, a deputy fire chief.

DeLude's sister-in-law said that he graduated from Southwest High School and the University of Minnesota, and joined the Fire Department after he developed a strong bond with John Hannon, Zimpfer's late father, who was a member of the department.

DeLude is survived by his wife, Linda, two sons, Jacob and Mark, three brothers, two sisters, as well as his parents, Zimpfer said. Mark is a member of the highly ranked hockey team at the Academy of Holy Angels in Richfield.

About three dozen firefighters went to see Mark play in Tuesday night's game against Shakopee, and a moment of silence was observed for his dad. Later, Mark had an assist in Holy Angels' victory.

Barry DeLude didn't miss games, said Will Oester, whose son plays on the team.

Oester also said that members of the team had gone to the hospital earlier in the day.

The DeLude family is very active at the Church of Christ the King in Minneapolis, said the Rev. Dale Korogi.

"I visited Barry at the hospital," Korogi said. "The illness really knocked him down pretty quickly and traumatically."

He said DeLude was a soft-spoken man with a huge heart who "was so good to his family."

Nine firefighters were with DeLude and his family when he died, said Paul Baumtrog, captain of the fire company at Station 17. "His family was there as well as his fire family," he said. "I loved Barry like a brother."

The Minneapolis Firefighters Union holds an annual ski party, which was scheduled for this week, but it has been canceled because of DeLude's death, said union president Tom Thornberg. "We're devastated to lose a member," he added. "We're a very close group. We live together. He's truly one of our brothers."

jmarcotty@startribune.com • 612-673-7394 rfurst@startribune.com • 612-673-7382 mlerner@startribune.com • 612-673-7384

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Police: 2-year-old who died reported to have 'flu-like' symptoms

By Stephen J. Lee, Herald Staff Writer
Published Wednesday, February 14, 2007

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Police said today that a Grand Forks toddler reportedly had "flu-like symptoms" in the days before she died.

The body of Destiny Lynn Weaver, 2, was found by Pennington County Sheriff's Office, based in Thief River Falls, in that county Sunday after the office received a tip, said Sgt. Bill Macki of the Grand Forks Police Department.

The child lived with her mother, Jody Lynn Weaver, 38, in an apartment on South 25th Street in Grand Forks.

Macki said the child may have died in Grand Forks and her body was taken to Pennington County.

But until more autopsy information is available, little else can be said about the girl's death, including whether the cause of death actually was the flu, Macki said.

Because of the ongoing investigation, Macki wouldn't say why the baby's body was in Pennington County, or where exactly it was found, or when the baby died.

The fact that the Pennington County Sheriff's Office is involved in the case, rather than the Thief River Falls police, tends to indicate the child's body was found outside of Thief River Falls.

Weaver is not married, Macki said.

"We know who the father of the child is, but he's not involved in the investigation," Macki said.

He would not say if Weaver has other children.

Foul play or other causes of death have not been ruled out, Macki said.

No one has been charged in the case.

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Here is the US flu report for Feb 10, the latest update is due and will probably show that this season's trend for the flu to spread north and west continues. That may be a second wave in the southeast. This bug started out unusually lethal, schools were closed and the mortality dropped quickly.

http://www.weather.com/activities/health/coldandflu/nationalreports/national.html

Within weeks it was everywhere, but the concentrated activity has been a wave, advancing across the nation at a jogger's pace.
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Nebraska Flu Death
Lincoln
 
Posted: 6:22 PM Feb 14, 2007
Reporter: Karina Kling
 
 

A father wonders how the common flu could take the life of his healthy daughter. Eleven-year-old Anna Do died Saturday from the flu. Authorities say it affected the girl in an unusual way, attacking the muscles in her body.

Anna Do will be remembered as a perfect student, a loving friend, and a devoted daughter. At only eleven-years-old, this otherwise healthy sixth grader died from complications of the common flu virus.

"They said common flu, common flu, I think they have the medicine to fix her, to heal her. Why didn't they fix her?" says Chi Do, Anna's father.

Chi Do says early last week he gave his daughter over-the-counter medicines, but she wasn't getting better. When Anna started experiencing painful leg cramps they took her to the hospital, and a day later she was gone. Chi says not knowing how this happened makes it harder to say good-bye.

"My family right now feel real empty, real big hole," says Chi.

Dr. Jerald Rector is a family practice doctor. He says it's important parents keep a close eye on their children when they get the flu. If they get a high fever, have trouble breathing, are lethargic, have extreme muscle aches, or experience vomiting, it's a good idea to get them to a doctor.

"Something out of the ordinary, that just doesn't seem right to you. If it's ringing your parent bell inside you and saying this is not right, this is not normal, then by all means, get it checked out," says Dr. Rector.

Because Chi Do did all of those things, he just can't understand how this happened to Anna.

"Be careful for that. Be careful of common flu. Try to be safe. Try to be safe with the flu," says Chi.

According to State Epidemiologist Doctor Tom Safranek, in his recollection, Anna's death was the first child related flu death in state history. Again, health officials say this case was rare because the flu attacked Anna's muscles. But officials say the flu has spiked in the last month, especially among people 24 years old and younger. Flu shots are still available and are recommended if you haven't gotten one yet.

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Influenza Activity as Assessed by State and Territorial Epidemiologists*:

*: During week 6, the following influenza activity†† was reported:

• Widespread activity was reported by 19 states (Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin).

• Regional activity was reported by 14 states (Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, and Washington).

• Local activity was reported by New York City and 12 states (Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, West Virginia, and Wyoming).

• Sporadic activity was reported by the District of Columbia and five states (Mississippi, New Hampshire, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Vermont).

U. S. map for Weekly Influenza Activity

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Girl, 11, Dies From Flu

2 hours, 8 minutes ago

An 11-year-old died from the flu in the first fatal case of the disease this year in Harris County, KPRC Local 2 reported Wednesday.

The child passed away a few weeks ago at Texas Children's Hospital. She was only identified as a fifth-grader from Tomball.

With months remaining in the flu season, doctors said parents should not let their guard down and children should be protected.

"I'm still giving flu shots and I will continue until maybe the month of April," Dr. Abel Paredes said.

Doctors said it is an active time for the flu right now, but flu deaths are relatively rare.

Officials said this year's flu season does not appear to be any worse than in years past.

"I'm seeing many patients. I'm seeing 25 cases a week," Paredes said.

Health officials said the flu is not an epidemic, but they are keeping a close eye on the numbers.

Three people have died from the Flu in Texas this year. Thirteen people have died nationwide.

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State confirms first flu death this season

By KAWANZA NEWSON
knewson@journalsentinel.com
Posted: Feb. 21, 2007

The Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services has confirmed its first flu death this season, in a Vilas County resident, officials said Wednesday. The agency is encouraging all residents to get a flu shot, especially young children, older adults, people with compromised immune systems and pregnant women.

The season began relatively slowly, but flu is now considered "widespread," meaning that more than 50% of the regions in the state have reported the infection. The majority of cases are in the south, southeast and western regions of the state.

Early this month, Milwaukee health officials investigated the death of a child that they thought was flu-related, but it turned out to be the result of sudden infant death syndrome.

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Cold, flu season not yet finished

DOCTORS ADVISE THAT IT'S NOT TOO LATE FOR A SHOT

By Julie Sevrens Lyons
Mercury News

After getting off to a slow start, the cold and flu season has really picked up in recent weeks, with doctors reporting crowded waiting rooms, more kids missing school and students who should be enjoying winter break spending it in bed.

Just how bad is it?

Dr. Kevin Chen, a family medicine physician with the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, said his office has been double- and triple-booking patients for appointment times, trying to squeeze everyone in because the demand is so high.

At San Ramon Valley Primary Care, doctors stayed late Monday night in an effort to accommodate patients' needs and to keep emergency rooms less crowded.

Kaiser Permanente physicians have seen a record number of patients test positive for influenza in Northern California this month -- although it's possible that new, more sensitive testing procedures are partly responsible for the surge.

At this point, in fact, Kaiser patients with flulike illnesses are presumed to have the flu. ``No test is needed'' before starting treatment, according to a recent physician bulletin, because ``flu is heavy all over the region.''

``It's been a busy February,'' said Dr. Robert Schechter, a medical officer with the California Department of Health Services' immunization branch.

Complicating matters, it isn't just the flu that has been emptying preschools and decimating the workforce. Many viruses that aren't usually so prevalent this late in the season, such as RSV and those that cause gastroenteritis, are still inflicting plenty of misery, said Dr. Catherine Albin, chief of pediatrics at Kaiser Santa Clara.

``We're just getting everything all at once,'' she said.

Of the 1,667 Northern California Kaiser patients who were screened for influenza the week ending Feb. 17, more than half tested positive for influenza A, influenza B, or RSV, a virus that is especially severe in infants. RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is spread through respiratory secretions.

There are three types of influenza viruses, A, B, and C, and each contains many flu strains. The type A strains most prevalent this season appear to be similar to the type A strain in this year's influenza vaccine, meaning the flu shot should offer protection, according to the CDC.

At Kaiser, the bulk of illness is being caused by influenza A, and the majority of those sickened by it didn't get a flu shot this year, Albin said.

Not only does Albin think her hospital is seeing more sick patients this year, ``they are ill for a longer period of time,'' she said. ``It's more likely people are missing work because they are so ill they can't function. And you barely recover from your first illness and get a second one,'' she said, adding, ``This year has been remarkably more active a season than it has in many years.''

Absenteeism has been so high in El Dorado County that health officials tested schoolchildren there to determine the root cause. Influenza A was found to be the culprit.

Health officials are encouraging anyone who has not already received a flu shot this year to go out and get one.

``It's not too late to be vaccinated,'' said Dr. D. Scott Smith, chief of infectious disease at Kaiser Redwood City. ``People think, `It's already February. The vaccine is gone or not effective.' That's not true.''

There may, however, be a little good news to toast with your Nyquil: Kaiser officials are cautiously optimistic that the flu season may have peaked about a week ago.

``We are hoping, we are really hoping,'' Albin said, that there may be some relief in sight.

``But,'' she added, ``it doesn't mean it's over. There's plenty of illness out there.''


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Albany (WSYR-TV) - The State Health Department says a 4-month-old from Oneida County has died from the flu. The agency says the death was reported earlier this month. This is the second flu-related death involving an infant in Central New York.

Pediatric flu deaths are extremely rare. There were only 35 across the country last year. Last month, the health commissioner said its important people in the community should take steps to protect themselves.

The Health Department says the flu is now “widespread” across the state. The virus is being reported in 55 out of the 62 counties across the state.

 

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Flu bugs parts of town
ONSET? An expert says the illness could spread -- or not.


By ROSEMARY SHINOHARA
Anchorage Daily News

(Published: February 23, 2007)

Go wash your hands.

Lab tests the last couple of weeks show a rise in Alaska flu cases after months of very few reports of the illness.

It could be the start of a lot of flu or it might just fade away, said state epidemiologist Beth Funk. Health officials can only wait and watch.

"Maybe it'll be clearer next week," said Funk. But this is clear: There's still time for a flu shot. "We have plenty of flu vaccine out there."

Children in at least a couple of Anchorage locations are suffering from an onslaught of flulike sicknesses.

Fairview Elementary has been hard hit, with illness knocking out a third of the staff and more than two-thirds of one first-grade class, said principal Marc Robinson. Some parents describe the illness as the flu, he said. On Wednesday, Robinson didn't feel too good, either.

"I've never seen it this bad," said Fairview first-grade teacher Megan Larson, who's been with the district for five years. Once last week, her 15-student class was down to four.

"I disinfected my room like crazy, but it was just the fact that kids would come to school a little sick and then infect everyone else before being sent home," she said in an e-mail from home, where she herself was recovering from a flu-like illness.

At the Mountain View branch of the Anchorage Neighborhood Health Center, pediatrician Bruce Chandler said he's been seeing an increase of kids who test positive for flu. Some have high fevers in the 103 to 104 range, they cough, have sore throats, their noses run, their arms and legs ache. Most have been sick for days by the time they come to see him.

"I think this is an epidemic," said Chandler, who is also the city medical officer. "Anyplace where you see a marked increase in cases -- I think we've achieved that."

But citywide, the Anchorage School District has not yet noted an increase in absences, said a district official.

The virus striking the Fairview kids hasn't been identified for sure as the flu. And a number of other upper respiratory illnesses are circulating in the state, said state virologist Terry Schmidt in Fairbanks: common colds, parainfluenza viruses and something called respiratory syncytial virus that particularly targets infants and young children.

The flu can descend on Alaska as early as October, and the upper respiratory virus season lasts through March or April, Schmidt said. The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention keeps track nationally. At latest report, 19 states are colored red on the CDC map, for widespread flu activity. Fourteen states, including Alaska, are in the blue zone, with regional flu activity.

We could move into the red-state category next week, said Funk. Or not.

Most tests for flu are rapid-result tests done in the doctor's office.

Those results are not as detailed as the results from the virology lab, said Funk. The state virology lab gets fewer samples but can categorize the illnesses as influenza type A or B, and sub-types of A.

Funk said more information from the state lab will help determine what's happening with flu in Alaska.

Of 16 flu virus cases examined since January, half were influenza A and half were B, said Schmidt.

The A virus that's been identified here so far is one that was last dominant during the 2002-2003 season, he said.

"So it's possible people haven't been exposed to it for a while," he said. "It may be making people sicker," or people might be more susceptible.

The few flu virus samples the lab has analyzed so far this year were from children, said Schmidt.

Daily News reporter Rosemary Shinohara can be reached at rshinohara@adn.com or 257-4340.

 

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FRIDAY FEBRUARY 23, 2007 Last modified: Wednesday, February 21, 2007 8:10 AM CST

Paris: Late season flu outbreak hits area

A late-season flu bug has struck in Paris, causing high absentee rates in the school district and crowding at medical clinics.

The outbreak is widespread enough that Cooper Clinic and North Logan Mercy Hospital employees have posted signs requesting that those with flu symptoms don surgical masks and use hand sanitizers when in the buildings.

Dr. Jason Richey, a physician at the Cooper Clinic location in Paris, said it may be another week or two before the bug runs it course.

"It's already slowed down some," Richey said last week. "It'll probably run its course within the next two weeks. It began the first of February and that's late in the flu season. I've only seen the flu hit one other time in February in the eight years I've been here."

Richey said the flu season runs from November through February.

According to the doctor, the symptoms are fever, body aches, chills, a cough and some vomiting. "The normal flu-type symptoms," Richey said.

"The majority of the patients we're seeing are kids and parents of kids," Richey said. "Most patients are in their middle 30s and younger."

The outbreak has been particularly prevalent in the Paris School District where absentee rates are running at about twice the normal levels, according to school employees.

At Paris Elementary School, 87 of the school's 520 students were absent on Feb. 12. On Feb. 13, 70 students were reported absent. Christine Williams, the school nurse, said 35 absentees is normal.

At Paris Middle School, absentee rates have averaged between 30 and 50 students since the end of January, according to school secretary Vicki Furstenberg.

At Paris High School, 101 students were reported absent on Feb. 15 and 76 were absent on Feb. 16. The school normally has around 50 absentees per day, according to Principal Gary Montgomery.

Williams, Furstenberg and Montgomery attributed the high absentee rates to the flu or flu-like symptoms.

"We've only had 15 students positively diagnosed with the flu," Williams said. "A lot of kids are showing flu-like symptoms. We've also got a stomach bug going around."

"We're seeing a lot of the same symptoms as the flu," Montgomery said.

The outbreak has also caused an increased in patients seeking treatment at the night Community Service Clinic run by North Logan Mercy Hospital, according to hospital Assistant Administrator Sharon Sorey.

"We're seeing 12 to 15 people a night and five patients is probably normal," she said. "Most of these are people who aren't able to get in at Cooper Clinic."

Richey said the outbreak is large enough to have exhausted Cooper Clinic's inventory of flu testing kits two or three times. He also added that those who got a flu shot aren't getting the flu.

"Everyone we've seen are patients who didn't get a flu shot," Richey said. "This year's shot vaccinated for both Type A and B flu. We're seeing both types in patients who test positive for the flu but it's two to one for Type A."

If a patient tests positive for the flu, and it's within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms, Richey is prescribing Tamiflu. If it's been longer than 48 hours, then antibiotics are added to the Tamiflu. Someone experiencing flu-like symptoms who tests negative for the flu is placed on antibiotics, told to get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids, Richey said.

"75 percent of the people with flu symptoms are testing negative for the flu," Richey said. "I'd say most of the kids who are missing school are showing flu-like symptoms.

"If you test positive for flu, the treatment will make you feel better within 24 to 36 hours," Richey said. "If you test negative and display flu-like symptoms, you'll feel better in 48 hours.

"If you get no treatment at all, it'll take five to seven days to get over, depending on other conditions, such as a secondary infection," Richey said.

Richey also added that since Monday was President's Day and schools were closed, the spread of the flu could slow down this week.

"The more you're away from other people, the less it'll spread," he said. "But right now, in general, I'd say the numbers of sick people in Paris is pretty high."

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