Tracking the next pandemic: Avian Flu Talk |
Unknown respiratory illness threatens Southeast Al |
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Pixie
Admin Group Joined: June 05 2006 Location: United States Status: Offline Points: 19668 |
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They mention bacterial pneumonia..They have ruled out viral? Here's an article showing difference >
The Differences
In many cases, parents are often confused as they do not seem to understand if their child is showing signs of bacterial or viral pneumonia. We shall have a look at both the infections separately that will help lay some doubts to rest and distinguish between the two of them. What is Bacterial Pneumonia? Bacterial pneumonia is generally caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It commonly affects people with a weak immune system like those over the age of 65 years, immunocompromised individuals with HIV/AIDS, people with diabetes, heart ailments, lung diseases, etc. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are known to cause pneumonia in newborn babies. Other bacteria capable of causing pneumonia include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella catarrhalis. The bacteria enter the body through inhalation of airborne droplets. These bacteria tend to live in the upper respiratory tract and can be inhaled into the lungs. When the bacteria enters the lungs, it triggers an immune response. The neutrophils reach the lungs and engulf the bacterial agents. While doing so, these cells release cytokines that trigger activation of the entire immune system. This leads to many bacterial pneumonia symptoms that include - High fever Chills Fatigue Drowsiness Cough with greenish mucus Chest pain In severe cases, one will observe a blue tint under the nails and on the lips. Lethargy, drowsiness and the blue tint are seen because the neutrophils, bacteria and the fluid from the blood vessels fill up the alveolar sacs. This causes disruption of normal oxygen transportation leading to these symptoms. The treatment for bacterial pneumonia includes use of antibiotics like penicillin. In severe cases, the person is hospitalized and given oxygen therapy along with intravenous fluids. Analgesics and acetaminophen are given to reduce chest pain and fever. What is Viral Pneumonia? Most of the cases of pneumonia are caused due to a viral infection. The viruses that cause pneumonia are influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus and parainfluenza virus. Pneumonia in newborns can be caused by herpes simplex virus in rare occasions. The viral agents reach the lungs through inhalation via the mouth and nose. After entering the lungs, the virus reaches the cells of the airways and alveoli. The viral invasion causes cell death and the immune system begins to act against the invading organism. The lymphocytes activate cytokines that cause fluid build up in alveoli. A person suffering from viral pneumonia shows the following symptoms - Fever Dry cough that will progress to wet cough Sore throat Loss of appetite Muscle pain Shortness of breath The fluid build up in the alveoli decreases oxygen transportation to the blood. This leads to extreme breathlessness and blue tint of the lips and under the nails. Viral pneumonia is a less severe infection than bacterial pneumonia. Antibiotics and antibacterial drugs will not help in treatment of viral pneumonia. The patient is given antibiotics only if there are chances of secondary bacterial infection. Viral pneumonia is treated by giving the patient plenty of rest and warm fluids to drink. Antiviral drugs like zanamivir or amantadine may be prescribed. From the above explanations, it becomes easy to differentiate between viral vs. bacterial pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia symptoms are more severe than viral pneumonia. The symptoms of viral pneumonia develop gradually over a couple of days while bacterial pneumonia tends to develop rapid symptoms. Hope the above information has helped you understand the difference between viral and bacterial pneumonia better. By Batul Nafisa Baxamusa Published: 4/13/2011 Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/viral-vs-bacterial-pneumonia.html |
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Pixie
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Predominant Role of Bacterial Pneumonia as a Cause of Death in Pandemic Influenza: Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness+Author Affiliations
AbstractBackground. Despite the availability of published data on 4 pandemics that have occurred over the past 120 years, there is little modern information on the causes of death associated with influenza pandemics. Methods. We examined relevant information from the most recent influenza pandemic that occurred during the era prior to the use of antibiotics, the 1918–1919 “Spanish flu”; pandemic. We examined lung tissue sections obtained during 58 autopsies and reviewed pathologic and bacteriologic data from 109 published autopsy series that described 8398 individual autopsy investigations. Results. The postmortem samples we examined from people who died of influenza during 1918–1919 uniformly exhibited severe changes indicative of bacterial pneumonia. Bacteriologic and histopathologic results from published autopsy series clearly and consistently implicated secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory-tract bacteria in most influenza fatalities. Conclusions. The majority of deaths in the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic likely resulted directly from secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory-tract bacteria. Less substantial data from the subsequent 1957 and 1968 pandemics are consistent with these findings. If severe pandemic influenza is largely a problem of viral-bacterial copathogenesis, pandemic planning needs to go beyond addressing the viral cause alone (e.g., influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs). Prevention, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia, as well as stockpiling of antibiotics and bacterial vaccines, should also be high priorities for pandemic planning. |
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Pixie
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Found this article about mayor going to china, he returned may 19...Maybe some connection to these cases?
Posted on: May 29, 2013 Dothan Mayor Mike Schmitz One of Four U.S. Mayors to Complete Historical Trip to China23,000 miles, 8 days, 7 Chinese cities and 34 meetings marked the beginning Their goal? -- a deeper understanding of Chinese interest in the US market “We hear the media's sensational is stories about China and they hear the In seven cities -- Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Bazhong, Nanchong, For one member of the delegation, Greg Norris, this was not his first trip to Perhaps ironically, the delegation’s first meeting in Asia was not with a A number of top Chinese manufacturers also met with the delegation. The mayors were impressed by what they saw and heard from the companies While this was Day’s first trip to China, he has become experienced in In one of the group’s stops, Langzhong, the mayors agreed to a Joint The cities represented on this trip possess strong manufacturing capacity in a CEO of SoZo Group Raymond Cheng said: “increasing investment between The group logged significant miles on the trip on behalf of their communities - The mayors returned to the US on May 19th. |
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