[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding ; Vaccine shedding is a form of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_shedding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Viral shedding - viral shedding https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [2] which can occur following a viral infection caused by an https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Attenuated vaccine - attenuated (or "live virus") vaccine , which is a specific https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Vaccine - vaccine technology that uses an attenuated form of a live virus. Illness in others resulting from transmission through this type of viral shedding is rare. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-PolitiFact-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-Tosh-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [4] A large proportion of vaccines are not attenuated (live virus) vaccines, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [5] and therefore cannot cause vaccine-induced viral shedding. The specific use of the term "vaccine shedding" has risen to public prominence through https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Anti-vaccine - anti-vaccine activists linked to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="COVID-19 misinformation - misinformation related to COVID-19 , who erroneously claim that COVID-19 vaccination can cause individuals to shed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Coronavirus spike protein - coronavirus spike protein and affect menstruation and fertility in women exposed to them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-PolitiFact-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-:12-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-MedPage-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [9] However, the spike protein generated by vaccination does not shed, and there is no evidence to suggest that these vaccines cause menstruation and fertility problems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-PolitiFact-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [10] Vaccination also cannot cause shedding of the COVID-19 virus since none of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccines" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="COVID-19 vaccines - COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Food and Drug Administration - FDA or the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="World Health Organization - World Health Organization as of December 2021 are live-virus vaccines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [12] Despite this, a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="COVID-19 - COVID-19 "vaccine shedding" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Conspiracy theory - conspiracy theory has subsequently emerged, leading to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Vaccine hesitancy - vaccine hesitancy among some people. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-PolitiFact-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-MedPage-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-Health-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [13] Shedding is only possible, but even so, unlikely, with an attenuated vaccine, and it is impossible with other vaccine technologies such as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Inactivated vaccine - inactivated vaccine (killed-virus vaccines), viral vector vaccine, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_vaccines" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="RNA vaccines - RNA vaccines (that contain no virus), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-Health-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [13] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Subunit vaccine - subunit vaccines (a vaccine technology using only isolated proteins of a virus). Only a small number of vaccines use technology that contain live virus which can theoretically infect others. Nevertheless, not all pathogens are shed;shedding does not equal transmission[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify - [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-Gregory-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [14] Occurrences[ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaccine_shedding&action=edit§ion=1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Edit section: Occurrences - edit ]The only human vaccine to have caused any significant number of infections is the oral polio vaccine (OPV), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-CDC-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-USAtoday-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [16] which takes advantage of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_immunity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Contact immunity - contact immunity from shed vaccine virus to amplify the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-Nathan-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [17] However, under conditions of persistent circulation in undervaccinated populations, reversion mutations that reactivate the virus can give rise to disease-causing circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) strains, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-WHO-polio_vaccine-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [18] and this vaccine is no longer used in developed countries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-CDC-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [15] However, the OPV is still used in Asia and Africa, leading to a small number of vaccine-induced polio infections each year. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-the_scientist-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [19] The route of infection is through contact with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faeces" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Faeces - faeces , and some live vaccines, like the viruses they prevent, are shed in stool for up to 28 days. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [20] Normal hygiene is sufficient to prevent infection among healthy individuals, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [21] but https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocompromise" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunocompromise - immunocompromised individuals need to be especially diligent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [22] Other attenuated vaccines show no significant viral shedding, and inadvertent infection is rare. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [23] For example, only eleven cases of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Varicella - chickenpox transmission by vaccinated individuals have been documented out of approximately fifty million doses, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [24] and but a single documented case of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_virus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Influenza virus - influenza virus transmission, and that person remained https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Asymptomatic - asymptomatic . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-Tosh-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [4] The attenuated virus from vaccines is much weaker and less likely to infect than the wild virus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [25] In dogs, vaccine-induced viral shedding has been observed with live attenuated https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_parvovirus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Canine parvovirus - Canine parvovirus vaccines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_shedding#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [26]
DJ [url]https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full.pdf[/url] or https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full.pdf - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full.pdf ; "Abstract. Despite the obvious knowledge that infectious particles can be shared through respiration, whether other constituents of the nasal/oral fluids can be passed between hosts has surprisingly never even been postulated, let alone investigated. The circumstances of the present pandemic facilitated a unique opportunity to fully examine this provocative idea. The data we show provides evidence for a new mechanism by which herd immunity may be manifested, the aerosol transfer of antibodies between immune and non- immune hosts." is one way of looking at it....The vaccinated would spread anti-bodies increasing herd immunity-even to those not asking for it...
------------- We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. ~Albert Einstein
|