[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#2020s[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#2020s - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#2020s ;

2020s[ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_cholera&action=edit§ion=13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Edit section: 2020s - edit ]

• An ongoing cholera outbreak was reported in several regions of  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Niger - Niger in August 2021. As of August 23, there were 1,770 cases of cholera reported with 68 deaths. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#cite_note-112" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [112]}
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possible_2022_Mariupol_cholera_outbreak" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Possible 2022 Mariupol cholera outbreak - Possible 2022 Mariupol cholera outbreak .
• Following the  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2022_Afghanistan_earthquake" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake - June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake , the United Nations warned of a possible outbreak in the affected areas. In August 2022, over 400 cases were reported, and eight people died. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#cite_note-Ariana268-113" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [113]}
• In September 2022, a cholera outbreak believed to be linked to irrigation of crops using contaminated water broke out in several regions in Syria. The United Nations said it presented a "serious threat to people in Syria and the region". Twenty-nine people died and a total of 338 cases were recorded. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#cite_note-114" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [114]} In October, 2022 Lebanon recorded two cholera cases in  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkar_District" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Akkar District - Akkar province, bordering Syria. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#cite_note-115" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [115]}
• In October 2022, Haiti experienced a cholera outbreak. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera#cite_note-116" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [116]}

DJ...[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak ;

An  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_outbreaks_and_pandemics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" title="Cholera outbreaks and pandemics - outbreak  of  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" title="Cholera - cholera  began in  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" title="Yemen - Yemen  in October 2016. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-Raslan-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-:5-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [4]}  The outbreak peaked in 2017 with over 2,000 reported deaths in that year alone. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-Qadri-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [6]}  As of November 2021, there have been more than 2.5 million cases reported, and more than 4,000 people have died in the Yemen cholera outbreak, which the  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" title="United Nations - United Nations  deemed the worst humanitarian crisis in the world at that time. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-Federspiel-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [8]}  However, the outbreak has substantially decreased by 2021, with a successful vaccination program implemented and only 5,676 suspected cases with two deaths reported between January 1 and March 6 of 2021. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak#cite_note-unicef_2021-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [9]}

also [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#Epidemiology[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#Epidemiology - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#Epidemiology ;

Cholera affects an estimated 2.8 million people worldwide, and causes approximately 95,000 deaths a year (uncertainty range: 21,000–143,000) as of 2015. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-84" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [83] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-Loz2012-85" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [84]} This occurs mainly in the developing world. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-86" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [85]}

In the early 1980s, death rates are believed to have still been higher than three million a year. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-Lancet2004-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [17]} It is difficult to calculate exact numbers of cases, as many go unreported due to concerns that an outbreak may have a negative impact on the tourism of a country. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-NEJM2006-39" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [38]} As of 2004, cholera remained both  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemic" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Epidemic - epidemic and endemic in many areas of the world. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-Lancet2004-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [17]}

Recent major outbreaks are the  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak - 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak and the  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%932021_Yemen_cholera_outbreak" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak - 2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak . In October 2016, an  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Yemen_cholera_outbreak" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="2017 Yemen cholera outbreak - outbreak of cholera began in war-ravaged  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Yemen - Yemen . ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-87" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [86]} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="WHO - WHO called it "the worst cholera outbreak in the world". ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-88" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [87]} In 2019, 93% of the reported 923,037 cholera cases were from  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Yemen - Yemen (with 1911 deaths reported). ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-who_report2020-89" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [88]} Between September 2019 and September 2020, a global total of over 450,000 cases and over 900 deaths was reported; however, the accuracy of these numbers suffer from over-reporting from countries that report suspected cases (and not laboratory confirmed cases), as well as under-reporting from countries that do not report official cases (such as Bangladesh, India and Philippines). ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-who_report2020-89" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [88]}

Although much is known about the mechanisms behind the spread of cholera, researchers still do not have a full understanding of what makes cholera outbreaks happen in some places and not others. Lack of treatment of human  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Feces - feces and lack of treatment of drinking water greatly facilitate its spread. Bodies of water have been found to serve as a  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_reservoir" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Natural reservoir - reservoir of infection, and seafood shipped long distances can spread the disease.

Cholera had disappeared from the  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Americas - Americas for most of the 20th century, but it reappeared toward the end of that century, beginning with a severe outbreak in Peru. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [89]} Following the end of the  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak - 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak , there have not been any cholera cases in the Americas since February 2019. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-ecdc_cholera-91" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [90]} As of August 2021 the disease is endemic in Africa and some areas of eastern and western Asia (Bangladesh, India and Yemen). ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-ecdc_cholera-91" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [90]} Cholera is not endemic in Europe; all reported cases had a travel history to endemic areas. ^{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera#cite_note-ecdc_cholera-91" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [90]}

DJ Healthcare is overstretched. Wars, flooding, refugees do increase risks. Co-infection with other diseases may worsen outcome.