In this study, 40 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Clinical Trials Center in Silver Spring, Maryland. They received a single dose of either a low dose of the vaccine (1x1010 particle units) or a higher dose (1x1011 particle units). For safety, the volunteers were enrolled in a dose-escalation plan. Three participants received the lower dose. Then, when they did not exhibit severe adverse reactions after the first seven days, the trial proceeded to enroll the remaining 17 volunteers. The same procedure was also used for the higher dose group. Volunteers were monitored for adverse reactions to the investigational vaccine and evaluated at regular intervals for 48 weeks to track their immune responses.
The trial’s safety results were encouraging: There were no serious adverse events, and the experimental vaccine was well-tolerated. One participant in the higher dose group developed a fever following vaccination, but it resolved by the following day. In addition, the investigational vaccine appeared to induce strong, long-lasting immunity to the MARV glycoprotein: 95% of participants in the trial exhibited a robust antibody response after vaccination, and 70% maintained that response for more than 48 weeks.
Plans are in place to conduct further trials of the cAd3-Marburg vaccine in Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, and the United States. If additional data supports the promising results seen in the Phase 1 trial, the cAd3-Marburg virus vaccine could someday be used in emergency responses to MARV outbreaks.
The TMN article also mentions it did take a lot of time to get samples tested...The outbreak has been going on from before february 7...Very likely other countries by now may have cases...(lots of transport via bus over bad roads...overcrowded boats...on the other hand lots of tourism via planes...).
'Do not dismiss it': U.K. infectious disease experts warn of illness transmitted by bug bites in the Mediterranean Olivia Bowden CTVNews.ca Writer, Producer Published Feb. 14, 2023 12:28 p.m. EST
Infectious disease experts in the United Kingdom are highlighting an illness they say is endemic in the Mediterranean basin and are urging for more awareness and early treatment to prevent “severe complications.”
The physicians point to a case of a U.K. man in his 50s who tested positive for the illness, called Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), after returning home following a trip to the Mediterranean. https://casereports.bmj.com/content/15/12/e249426" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(35, 121, 181); text-decoration: none; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(235, 244, 249); - Their report on the case was published in December in the BMJ,a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the British Medical Association...
DJ..If bug bites would play a role in the spread of Marburg -so far they do not- pattern of spread also may change...We live in crazy times...CoViD did do a lot to human immunity protection...
------------- We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. ~Albert Einstein
Posted By: Dutch Josh
Date Posted: February 15 2023 at 12:54am
DJ A Dutch tourist died of Marburg in NL after visiting Uganda in 2008
The details of the initial transmission of MVD to humans remain incompletely understood. Transmission most likely occurs from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_fruit_bat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Egyptian fruit bat - Egyptian fruit bats or another natural host, such as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-human_primate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Non-human primate - non-human primates or through the consumption of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushmeat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Bushmeat - bushmeat , but the specific routes and body fluids involved are unknown. Human-to-human transmission of MVD occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease#cite_note-Kortepeter2020-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; - [4]
-
The natural maintenance hosts of marburg viruses remain to be identified unequivocally. However, the isolation of both MARV and RAVV from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" title="Bat - bats and the association of several MVD outbreaks with bat-infested mines or caves strongly suggests that bats are involved in marburg virus transmission to humans. Avoidance of contact with bats and abstaining from visits to caves is highly recommended, but may not be possible for those working in mines or people dependent on bats as a food source.[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak ;
.....The WHO said it was sending medical experts and protective equipment to help officials in Equatorial Guinea curb the outbreak.
In neighboring Cameroon, suspected cases were detected on Monday in Olamze, a commune on the border with Equatorial Guinea, and the country restricted movement in the region.
“Surveillance in the field has been intensified,” said George Ameh, WHO’s country representative in Equatorial Guinea.
“Contact tracing, as you know, is a cornerstone of the response. We have … redeployed the COVID-19 teams that were there for contact tracing and quickly retrofitted them to really help us out,” Ameh said.
Currently, there are no authorized vaccines or antiviral treatments for the Marburg virus, however, WHO said that survival is improved with supportive care like rehydration with oral or IV fluids.
A number of treatments such as blood products, immune and drug therapies and vaccine candidates are being evaluated.
“We’re working on a 30-day response plan where we should be able to quantify what are the exact measures and quantify what are the exact needs,” Ameh said.... https://nypost.com/2023/02/14/who-calls-urgent-meeting-after-9-die-of-marburg-virus-in-africa/%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(35, 121, 181); text-decoration: none; - https://nypost.com/2023/02/14/who-ca...��
DJ, WHO hoping to test vaccine, Gabon and other countries in the region prepare for possible cases...
------------- We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. ~Albert Einstein
Posted By: Dutch Josh
Date Posted: February 15 2023 at 10:05pm
An outbreak of an unidentified illness was first reported on 7 February 2023 and linked to people who took part in a funeral ceremony in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A9-Ntem" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Kié-Ntem - Kié-Ntem province 's https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsok-Nsomo" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Nsok-Nsomo - Nsok-Nsomo district . Eight deaths were reported by 10 February 2023, prompting a local lockdown, while https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Cameroon - Cameroon introduced border restrictions. Reported symptoms included nose bleeds, fever, joint pain and other ailments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea#cite_note-REU-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; - [3]
On 13 February 2023, the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="World Health Organization - World Health Organization and Equatorial Guinea's health ministry announced that one of the samples sent to the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Pasteur Institute - Pasteur Institute laboratory in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Senegal - Senegal had tested positive for Marburg virus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea#cite_note-NAME-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; - [4] At that time, there were 25 suspected cases, including 9 deaths. The condition of the confirmed case was not reported. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea#cite_note-BNO-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; - [1]
Neighbouring https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none;" title="Cameroon - Cameroon detected two suspected cases of Marburg virus disease on 13 February 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; - [5] , but they were later ruled out. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none; - [6]